Borobudur History

Borobudur is the name of a Buddhist temple located in Borobudur, Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia. Location of the temple is approximately 100 miles southwest of Semarang and 40 km northwest of Yogyakarta. This temple was founded by the Mahayana Buddhists around the year 800 AD during the reign of the dynasty dynasty. In Chinese, this temple is also called (Hanyu Pinyin: po luo fu tu) in Mandarin.

Borobudur Temple resurfaced in 1814 when Sir Thomas Stanford Raffles, the British governor-general who became guardian country hold events in Semarang Indonesia, Raffles time getting information that has been discovered in the area Kedu pictorial arrangement of stones, then he sent for a Dutchman Cornelius clean. This work was continued by the Resident Kedu named Hartman in 1835. 

In addition to cleaning activities, he also conducted research in particular towards the top of the stupa of Borobudur temple, but unfortunately on this research report was never published. Documentation in the form of image building and temple reliefs made ​​by Wilsen for 4 years since 1849, while the photographs document created in 1873 by Van Kinsbergen. According to the legend of Borobudur Temple was founded by architect Gunadharma, but historically it is not certain. Casparis opinion based on interpretation of the inscription dates to 824 AD and 842 AD inscription Kahulunan Sri, the founder of the Borobudur Temple is Smaratungga who reigned from 782-812 AD during the dynasty dynasty. Borobudur was built to glorify the Mahayana Buddhism.

Opinions Dumarcay Borobudur temple established in the five stages of development, namely:

- Phase I + 780 AD
- Phase II and III + 792 AD
- Phase IV + 824 AD
- Phase V + 833 AD

In sequence, the story of the temple reliefs mean briefly as follows:
KarmawibhanggaOne of the temple wall carvings at Borobudur Karmawibhangga (southeast corner of the floor 0)
In accordance with the symbolic meaning of the foot of the temple, reliefs which adorn the walls of a hidden shelf that illustrate the law of karma. Rows of relief is not a story of the series (serial), but in every frame illustrates a story that has a causal correlation. Relief will not only give an idea of ​​human moral turpitude accompanied by penalties that would obtain, but also human and reward good deeds. Overall, the portrayal of human life within the circle of birth - life - death (samsara) which is never ending, and by Buddhism chain is exactly what will be ended to to perfection.
Lalitawistara
History is a depiction of the Buddha in a row of reliefs (but not a complete history) that starts from the Buddha's descent from heaven Tusita, and ends with the first sermon in the Deer Park near the city of Banaras. These reliefs lined the stairs on the south side, after a row exceeded the relief of 27 frames starting from the east side of the stairs. To-27 frames are busy describing, both in heaven and in the world, in preparation to welcome the presence of the last incarnation of the Bodhisattva as the Buddha. The reliefs depict the birth of the Buddha in this arcapada as Prince Siddhartha, son of the King and Queen Maya Suddhodana of Kapilavastu Affairs. Relief amounted to 120 frames, which ended with the first sermon, which is symbolically expressed as the Turning of the Wheel of Dharma, the Buddha's teaching is called dharma also means "law", while the dharma is represented as a wheel.
Jataka and Awadana
Jataka stories of Buddha was born as Prince Siddhartha before. Protrusion of contents is the subject of good works, which distinguishes the Bodhisattvas of any other creature. Indeed, the collection service / good deed is a preparatory stage in the level of effort towards the Buddhahood.
While Awadana, basically almost the same as the Jataka but the culprit is not the Bodhisattvas, but other people and the stories collected in the book Diwyawadana which means noble godlike deeds, and the book Awadana Awadanasataka or a hundred stories. In the reliefs of Borobudur temple and awadana Jataka, treated equally, meaning that they occur in the same row without distinction. The set of the best known of the life of the Bodhisattva is Jatakamala or strands of Jataka stories, Aryasura and poet who lived in the 4th century AD.
Gandawyuha
Is a row of reliefs adorn the walls of the hall to-2, is the story of a wandering Sudhana tirelessly in his quest for knowledge about the Supreme Truth by Sudhana. Description of the frame 460 based on Mahayana Buddhist scripture entitled Gandawyuha, and for the lid on the story of another Bhadracari.